Internet of Thing (IoT)

Internet of Things (IoT)

In this article we will talk about internet of thing (IoT). If you want to know about IoT then this article gonna help you alot.

What is IoT ?

The Internet of Things (IoT) refers to a system of interrelated, internet-connected objects that are able to collect and transfer data over a wireless network without human intervention. The internet is a globally connected network system facilitating worldwide communication and access to data resources through a vast collection of private, public, business, academic and government networks. It is governed by agencies like the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (or IANA) that establish universal protocols. The Internet of things describes the network of physical objects—“things”—that are embedded with sensors, software, and other technologies for the purpose of connecting and exchanging data with other devices and systems over the Internet. It enables devices to interact, collaborate and, learn from each other’s experiences just like humans do. 

IoT: How it works? 

An IoT system consists of sensors/devices which “talk” to the cloud through some kind of connectivity. Once the data gets to the cloud, software processes it and then might decide to perform an action, such as sending an alert or automatically adjusting the sensors/devices without the need for the user.

 Top IoT Examples: 

 Smart Home security systems 

 Smart Wearables health monitors 

 IoT in agriculture 

 Smart Speakers (Amazon Echo Dot: Alexa, Google Assistant)

 Smart Smoke Detectors 

 Air Quality Sensors 

 Smart Fire Extinguishers 

 Flood Alert Sensors 

 Smart Cities 

 Smart Door Locks 

 Soil monitoring 

 Smart Farming equipment 

 Smart factory equipment 

Advantages of IoT 

 Minimize human effort: As the devices of IoT interact and communicate with each other and do lot of task for us, then they minimize the human effort. 

 Save time: As it reduces the human effort then it definitely saves out time. Time is the primary factor which can save through IoT platform. 

 Improve security: Now, if we have a system that all these things are interconnected then we can make the system more secure and efficient. 

 Money: The financial aspect is the best advantage. This technology could replace humans who are in charge of monitoring and maintaining supplies. 

Disadvantages of IoT

Complexity: The designing, developing, and maintaining and enabling the large technology to IoT system is quite complicated. 

× Privacy: Privacy is a big issue with IoT. All the data must be encrypted. Even without the active participation on the user, the IoT system provides substantial personal data in maximum detail. 

× Security: There is a chance that the software can be hacked and your personal information misused. It can be lead the various kinds of network attacks.Data breaches are extremely stressful 

× Compatibility: As of now, there is no standard for tagging and monitoring with sensors. A uniform concept like the USB or Bluetooth is required which should not be that difficult to do. 

IoT Sensor 

IoT ssensor is a device that captures real-world data and translates it into a piece of information that could be interpreted by other instruments. As the name suggests, sensors react to stimuli — be it a change in sound, temperature, electric current, or a different property. Hence a sensor in an IoT system senses the desired physical quantity and converts it into an electrical signal transmitted to the central cloud-based server directly or via an on-site micro- controller

Types:

 All types of sensors are basically classified into Analog and Digital Sensors but below sensors are used frequently in IoT Devices. 

 Temperature Sensors 

 Humidity Sensors 

 Pressure Sensors 

 Proximity Sensors 

 Level Sensors 

 Accelerometers 

 Gyroscope 

 Gas Sensors 

 Infrared Sensors 

 Optical Sensors

 

Features of Sensors

 

1. Range: It is the minimum and maximum value of physical variable that the sensor can sense or measure. 

2.Accuracy: It shows how close the output of the sensor is to the expected value. 

3. Sensitivity: It is the ratio of change in output to change in input. 

4. Resolution: It is the minimum change in input that can be sensed by the sensor. 

5. Repeatability: It is defined as the ability of sensor to produce the same output every time when the same input is applied and all the physical and measurement conditions kept the same. 

6. Response Time: It is generally expressed as the time at which the output reaches a certain percentage (for instance, 95%) of its final value, in response to a step change of the input. 

Major Component of IoT 

1. Sensors/Devices: The main components that complete connectivity layer are sensors and devices. Sensors collect the information from the surrounding environment and send it off to the next layer where it is being processed. 

2. Gateway: Gateway enables easy management of data traffic flowing between protocols and networks. On the other hand, it also translates the network protocols and makes sure that the devices and sensors are connected properly. It can also work to pre-process the data from sensors and send them off to next level if it is configured accordingly. it gives proper encryption with the network flow and data transmission. The data flowed through it is in the higher order that is protected by using latest encryption techniques. You can assume it like an extra layer between the cloud and devices that filter away the attack and illegal network access.

 

3. Cloud: With the help of internet of things ecosystem, companies are able to collect bulk data from the devices and applications. There are various tools that are used for the purpose of data collection that can collect, process, handle and store the data efficiently in real time. They can also access their data remotely. 

4. Analytics: The analog data of devices and sensors are converted into a format that is easy to read and analyze. The big companies collect the data in bulk and analyze it to see the future opportunity so that they can easily develop more business advancement and gain something out of it. Data may be a small word but it holds the power to make or break the business if used correctly. 

5. User Interface: The user interface is the visible component that is easily accessible and in control of the IoT user. This is where a user can control the system and set their preferences. It is important for the developer to create a user-friendly interface that could be accessed without putting any extra efforts in it and that can help in easy interaction.

Layers Of IoT

Layer 1: 

The Things Layer This layer of IoT comprises of devices, sensors and controllers. Connected devices are what enable the IoT environment. These devices include mobile devices such as smart phones or tablets, micro controller units and single-board computers. The connected devices are the real endpoint for IoT. 

Layer 2: 

Connectivity/Edge Computing Layer Layer 2 is the connectivity/ edge computing layer, which defines the various communication protocols and networks used for connectivity and edge computing. It is a distributed architecture where IoT data is processed at the edge of the network. 

Layer 3: 

Global Infrastructure Layer Layer 3 is the global infrastructure layer, which is typically implemented in cloud infrastructure. Most of the IoT solutions integrate with cloud services. A comprehensive set of integrated services, IoT cloud can provide businesses with useful insights and perspective on custom

Layer 4: 

Data Ingestion Layer Layer 4 is the data ingestion layer, which includes bigdata, cleansing, streaming and storage of data. 

Layer 5: 

Data Analysis Layer Layer 5 is the data analysis layer and relates to data reporting, mining, machine learning etc. 

Layer 6: 

The Application Layer Layer 6 is the appl

Layer 7: 

People and Process Layer Layer 7 is the people and process layer. This includes people, businesses, collaboration and decision making based on the information derived from IoT computing